Baby-face figurine n.54 - Olmec culture (2017)

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Our Last creation that perpetuates in the continuity of Olmec Art.

The "baby-face" figurine is a unique marker of Olmec culture, consistently found in sites that show Olmec influence,[2] although they seem to be confined to the early Olmec period and are largely absent, for example, in La Venta.[3]Coe (1989), p. 77.

These ceramic figurines are easily recognized by the chubby body, the baby-like jowly face, downturned mouth, and the puffy slit-like eyes. The head is slightly pear-shaped, likely due to artificial cranial deformation.[4]Pohorilenko, p. 121. They often wear a tight-fitting helmet not dissimilar to those worn by the Olmec colossal heads.[5]Pohorilenko, p. 121 . Baby-face figurines are usually naked, but without genitalia.[6]Blomster (1998), p. 311, says "Sex or gender do not appear to be indicated on any of these objects.". Their bodies are rarely rendered with the detail shown on their faces.

Also called "hollow babies", these figurines are generally from 25\u201335 cm (9.8\u201313.8 in) high[7]Blomster (2002), p. 173. and feature a highly burnished white- or cream-slip. They are only rarely found in archaeological context.[8]Blomster (2002).

Archaeologist Jeffrey Blomster divides baby-face figurines into two groups based on several features. Among the many distinguishing factors, Group 1 figurines more closely mirror the characteristics of Gulf Coast Olmec artifacts. Group 2 figurines are also slimmer than those of Group 1, lacking the jowly face or fleshy body, and their bodies are larger in proportion to their heads.[9]Blomster (2002).

Given the sheer numbers of baby-face figurines unearthed, they undoubtedly fulfilled some special role in the Olmec culture. What they represented, however, is not known. Michael Coe, says "One of the great enigmas in Olmec iconography is the nature and meaning of the large, hollow, whiteware babies".[10]Coe (1989), p. 77. Bailey, Douglass (2005). Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic. Routledge Publishers. ISBN 0-415-33152-8.Blomster, Jeffrey (1998). "Context, Cult, and Early Formative Period Public Ritual in the Mixteca Alta, Analysis of a Hollow-baby Figurine from Etlatongo, Oaxaca". Ancient Mesoamerica. 9 (2): 309\u2013326. doi:10.1017/S0956536100002017. Retrieved 2012-12-14. (subscription required)Blomster, Jeffrey (2002). "What and Where is Olmec Style? Regional perspectives on Hollow Figurines in Early Formative Mesoamerica". Ancient Mesoamerica. 13: 171\u2013195. doi:10.1017/S0956536102132196. Retrieved 2012-12-14. (subscription required)Bradley, Douglas E; Joralemon, Peter David (1993). "The Lords of Life: The Iconogaphy of Power and Fertility in Preclassic Mesoamerica". Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame.Bradley, Douglas E.; et al. (2005). Celebrating Twenty-five Years in the Snite Museum of Art: 1980-2005. Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame. ISBN 978-0-9753984-1-8.Castro-Leal, Marcia (1996). "The Olmec Collections of the National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City". In Benson, EP; de la Fuente, B. Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art. pp. 139\u2013143. ISBN 0-89468-250-4.Coe, Michael D (1989). "The Olmec Heartland: Evolution of Ideology". In Sharer, Robert J.; Grove, David. Regional Perspectives on the Olmec. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36332-7.Covarrubias, Miguel (1957). Indian Art of Mexico and Central America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. OCLC 171974.Kubler, George (1990) [first pub. 1962]. The Art and Architecture of Ancient America (3rd ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05325-8. Retrieved 2012-12-14.Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl (1993). The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05068-6. OCLC 27667317.Pohorilenko, Anatole (1996). "Portable Carvings in the Olmec Style". In Benson, EP; de la Fuente, B. Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art. ISBN 0-89468-250-4.Pool, Christopher A (2007). Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78882-3. OCLC 68965709.Scott, Sue (2000). "Figurines, Terracotta". In Evans, Susan. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America. Taylor & Francis. p. 266. ISBN 9780815308874. Retrieved 2012-12-14.Solis, Felipe (1994). "La Costa del Golfo: el arte del centro de Veracruz y del mundo huasteco". In García, María Luisa Sabau. México en el mundo de las colecciones de arte: Mesoamerica (in Spanish). 1. México, D.F.: Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas-UNAM, and Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. pp. 183\u2013241. ISBN 968-6963-36-7. OCLC 33194574.Tate, Carolyn; Bendersky, Gordon (1999). "Olmec Sculptures of the Human Fetus". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine (Spring): 1\u201320. PMID 12966945. Retrieved 2012-12-14.Xu, Mike H. (1998). "La Venta Offering No.4: A Revelation of Olmec Writing?". Pre-Columbiana. 1 (1-2): 131\u2013143.

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