Poem of Farewell to Liu Man

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Yelü Chucai played a pivotal role in mitigating the harsh rule of the Mongols over the occupied territories of North China. A trusted adviser to both Chinggis Khan and his son Ogödei, he introduced fiscal reforms and an amnesty for tax debts. Unfortunately, many of his administrative reforms were short-lived.The blunt, monumental writing on this handscroll, with its emphatic hooks and dots and square character forms, recalls the unrestrained style of Huang Tingjian (1045\u20131105), a Northern Song master who advocated "driving every brushstroke with full force." The poem lauds the virtuous administration of a young official in an era of widespread exploitation and reflects Yelü's own attempts to institute more humanitarian policies: Half the population of Yun[zhong] and Xuan[de] have fled their homes;Only the few thousand people under your care are secure.You are among our dynasty's most able administrators.Your good name is as lofty as Mount Tai. On the sixteenth day of the tenth lunar month in the winter of the gengzi year, Liu Man of Yangmen requested that I write a poem on the eve of his departure. I wrote this for him in admiration of his administrative ability. Abusive officials and wily functionaries should feel ashamed! Yuquan [Yelü Chucai]DOCUMENTATIONArtist's inscription and signature (21 columns in standard script, dated 1240):Half the population of Yun[zhong] and Xuan[de] has fled their homes;[1]Only the few thousand people under your care are secure.You are among our dynasty\u2019s most able administrators;Your good name is as lofty as Mount Tai.[2]On the sixteenth of the tenth lunar month in the winter of the gengzi year [November 1, 1240] Liu Man of Yangmen requested a poem on the eve of his departure and I wrote this for him in admiration of his administrative ability. Wouldn\u2019t abusive officials and wily functionaries feel ashamed! Yuquan [Yelü Chucai] \u96f2\u5ba3\u9ece\u5eb6\u534a\u900b\u9003\uff0c\u7368\u723e\u5343\u6c11\u6309\u5835\u7262\u3002\u5df2\u9810\u5929\u671d\u80fd\u540f\u6578\uff0c\u6e05\u540d\u4f55\u557b\u6cf0\u5c71\u9ad8\u3002\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e4b\u51ac\u5341\u6708\u65e2\u671b\u967d\u9580\u5289\u6eff\u5c07\u884c\u7d22\u8a69\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8d08\u4e4b\uff0c\u8cde\u5176\u80fd\u6cbb\u4e5f\u3002\u66b4\u5b98\u733e\u540f\u8c48\u4e0d\u5abf\u54c9\u3002\u7389\u6cc9Label strips1. Baoxi \u5bf3\u7199 (1871\u2013after 1940), 3 columns in standard script; (mounted on brocade wrapper):Ink autograph of Prince Yelü Wenzheng [Yelü Chucai] of the Yuan dynastyBaoxi inscribed this label in the summer, the fifth lunar month, of the yihai year [1935]. [seal]: Baoxi \u5143\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u738b\u58a8\u8e5f\u3002\u4e59\u4ea5\u590f\u4e94\uff0c\u5bf3\u7199\u984c\u7c3d\u3002[\u5370]\u5bf3\u71992. Shizhi Shanfang \u77f3\u829d\u5c71\u623f (unidentified), 2 columns in standard script; (mounted in front of the poem):Ink autograph of Prince Yelü Wenzheng [Yelü Chucai] with four colophons by people of the Yuan dynasty[The master of the] Shizhi Mountain Retreat inscribed this label.\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u738b\u58a8\u8de1\uff0c\u9644\u5143\u4eba\u56db\u8dcb\u3002\u77f3\u829d\u5c71\u623f\u984c\u7c3d\u3002Title inscribed at the beginning of the calligraphy section Artist unknown, 1 column in standard scriptInk autograph of Prince Wenzheng, Yelü Chucai \u6587\u6b63\u738b\u8036\u5f8b\u695a\u6750\u58a8\u8de1\u3002Colophons[3] 1. Song Lian \u5b8b\u6fc2 (1310\u20131381), 12 columns in standard script (undated)[4]:To the right is a farewell poem to Liu of Yangmen [Liu Man], a work by Secretariat Prince Yelü Wenzheng [Yelü Chucai]. The Prince was born in the gengxu year of the Mingchang reign era of the Jin period (1190). Twenty-six years later he became a subject of our dynasty in the yihai year of the Zhenyou reign era (1215). In his inscription after the poem he said it was the winter of the gengzi year (1240). Tracing back from gengzi to yihai, there were additional twenty-five years. Therefore the Prince created this work at the age of 51. At that time, the Jin subjects had come under the new rulers just recently, and most of the laws and systems had not been established. The newly acquired counties and prefectures were often divided into nobles\u2019 and aristocrats\u2019 vassalages. Since no pacification policy was implemented, most people ran away, to which [the poetic line about] the populous fled their homes seems to refer. How deeply the Prince was concerned for the subjects! The Prince was a profound, serious man, who did not commend people casually. Since he singled out Yangmen as an able administrator worthy of praise, we could tell how well Yangmen governed. The Prince was named Chucai, zi Jinqing, an eighth-generation grandson of Yelü Tuyu (active early 10th c.), Prince Dongdan of the Liao dynasty. For twenty years he was the prime minister, to whom all military and national affairs were entrusted. He lived close to Mount Yuquan, which he adopted as his style name. Song Lian, a junior scholar from Jinhua [in Zhejiang] inscribed respectfully. [seals]: Jinhua, Song shi Jinglian, Qianxi Song Lian\u53f3\u9001\u5289\u967d\u9580\u8a69\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e2d\u66f8\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u738b\u4e4b\u6240\u4f5c\u4e5f\u3002\u738b\u751f\u65bc\u91d1\u660e\u660c\u5e9a\u620c\uff0c\u751f\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u6b78\u6211\u570b\u671d\uff0c\u5be6\u8c9e\u7950\u4e59\u4ea5\u3002\u4eca\u8a69\u5f8c\u984c\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e4b\u51ac\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e0a\u6eaf\u4e59\u4ea5\u53c8\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u5247\u738b\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u6b72\u4f5c\u6b64\u4e5f\u3002\u7576\u662f\u6642\uff0c\u91d1\u6c11\u65b0\u9644\uff0c\u6cd5\u5236\u591a\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5dde\u7e23\u6216\u5272\u88c2\u70ba\u8af8\u738b\u8cb4\u65cf\u6e6f\u6c90\u9091\u3002\u64ab\u7d8f\u4e4b\u9053\u4e0d\u81f3\uff0c\u6c11\u591a\u4ea1\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u9ece\u5eb6\u900b\u9003\uff0c\u4f3c\u6307\u6b64\u4e5f\u3002\u738b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5fd8\u543e\u6c11\u8005\uff0c\u4f55\u5176\u81f3\u54c9\u3002\u738b\u6c88\u6bc5\u614e\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u7368\u4ee5\u80fd\u540f\u7a31\u967d\u9580\uff0c\u5247\u967d\u9580\u4e4b\u70ba\u653f\u53ef\u77e5\u77e3\u3002\u738b\u540d\u695a\u6750\uff0c\u5b57\u6649\u537f\uff0c\u8036\u5f8b\u6c0f\uff0c\u907c\u6771\u4e39\u738b\u7a81\u6b32\u4e4b\u516b\u4e16\u5b6b\uff0c\u70ba\u76f8\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8ecd\u570b\u4e4b\u52d9\u6089\u59d4\u7109\u3002\u6240\u5c45\u8fd1\u7389\u6cc9\u5c71\uff0c\u56e0\u4ee5\u81ea\u865f\u4e91\u3002\u91d1\u83ef\u5f8c\u5b78\u5b8b\u6fc2\u8b39\u984c\u3002 [\u5370]\u91d1\u83ef\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c0f\u666f\u6fc2\uff0c\u6f5b\u8c3f\u5b8b\u6fc2\u3002 2. Li Shizhuo \u674e\u4e16\u502c (1673\u20131744), 7 columns in semi-cursive script (dated 1743):It is said in the Catalogue of Paoweng\u2019s Family Collection [Paoweng jiacang ji, by Wu Kuan, 1435\u20131504] that the calligraphy of Academician Song [Song Lian] was pure with an ancient flair and well disciplined. Lang Renbao [Lang Ying, 1487\u20131566] said Song\u2019s cursive calligraphy evoked the images of circling dragons and dancing phoenixes. Li Rihua (1565\u20131635) said in his Miscellaneous Notes from the Liuyan Studio (Liuyan Zhai biji) that the masters of the Tang and the Song dynasties all specialized in the running and the cursive scripts. During his own dynasty Song Jinglian [Song Lian] was the only calligrapher good at the small standard script. He Qiaoyuan (1558\u20131631) said in his Writings to Be Kept in Famous Mountains (Mingshan biji, i.e., Mingshan cang) that Song never stopped practicing calligraphy from youth to old age, writing in a lush manner. Upon a closer look, one can see several characters written on a single grain. The above remarks are gathered from the calligraphers\u2019 biographies. His life in service and retreat has been clearly stated in the Ming History (Ming shi). There is no need to repeat. On the twentieth of the fifth lunar month in the eighth year of the Qianlong reign era [July 11, 1743] Li Shizhuo inscribed. [seals]: Shizhuo, Yinxian shi\u300a\u530f\u7fc1\u5bb6\u85cf\u96c6\u300b\u7a31\u201c\u5b8b\u592a\u53f2\u66f8\u6e05\u53e4\u6709\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u90ce\u4ec1\u5bf6\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u8349\u66f8\u6709\u9f8d\u76e4\u9cf3\u821e\u4e4b\u8c61\u3002\u201d\u674e\u65e5\u83ef\u300a\u516d\u781a\u9f4b\u7b46\u8a18\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5510\u3001\u5b8b\u540d\u516c\u4ff1\u4ee5\u884c\u8349\u64c5\u5834\uff0c\u662d\u4ee3\u7cbe\u7d30\u6977\u8005\uff0c\u5b8b\u666f\u6fc2\u4e00\u4eba\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u201d\u4f55\u55ac\u9060\u300a\u540d\u5c71\u7b46\u8a18\u300b\u8b02\u201c\u516c\u81ea\u5c11\u81f3\u8001\u672a\u5617\u53bb\u66f8\u8c50\u9ad4\uff0c\u8fd1\u8996\u4e43\u4e00\u9ecd\u4e0a\u80fd\u4f5c\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u201d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7686\u66f8\u5bb6\u50b3\u6240\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u8655\u5df2\u8a73\u6a19\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u53ef\u7121\u66f4\u8ff0\u77e3\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5eff\u65e5\u674e\u4e16\u502c\u8b58\u3002 [\u5370]\u4e16\u5353\uff0c\u56e0\u5f26\u6c0f 3. Dai Liang \u6234\u826f (1317\u20131383), 26 columns in standard script (dated August 29, 1349):Having read such poems as \u201cGrandly Lofty\u201d (Song gao) and \u201cThe Multitudes of the People\u201d (Zhengmin), I realized that in ancient times people in charge of national affairs sometimes resorted to poetry to exhort the world.[5] In view of Shen Bo\u2019s [active 9th\u20138th c. B.C.] administration and Zhong Shanfu\u2019s [Fan Muzhong, active 9th\u20138th c. B.C.] journey to Qi, Administrator Jifu [Xi Jia, active 9th-8th c. B.C.], a senior minister of the [Western] Zhou dynasty (ca. 1100\u2013771 B.C.), composed these two poems for them. His praise of them was the highest, whereas his remarks not directly referred to them were meant to exhort the world. Consequently at the time everyone admonished himself to be good. As a result, worthies and talents arrived in quantities and the capable continued to be employed. King Xuan\u2019s (r. 827\u2013782 B.C.) virtue lay in securing the prosperity of a dynastic revival. As to his original inspiration, wouldn\u2019t it be the exhortation to be good expressed in those two poems? Then Master Yelü\u2019s farewell poem to Marquis Liu must have been inspired by this. When Master Yelü served as Secretariat, a Marquis Liu was leaving to take a post in charge of Yangmen and asked him for a poem. He therefore composed one of four lines for him as a gift and inscribed at the end, \u201cWhat I admire about the Marquis is his administrative ability.\u201d His admiration of someone\u2019s administrative ability could make an exhortation to the world. Later on Marquis Liu, as a military commander-in-chief, led his army to vanquish the Jin dynasty and sacked [its capital] Bian [present-day Kaifeng, Henan], and became a celebrated minister of the time. In addition, between the Zhongtong (1260\u20131263) and the Zhiyuan (1264\u20131294) reign eras groups of men of great talent and distinguished virtue appeared over and again. What can we say about poetry as exhortation to the world? One day Marquis Liu\u2019s great-grandson Zhizuo [Liu Shiji, active mid-14th c.] came to my hometown as Assistant Magistrate and, having shown me this poem by the Master, asked me to inscribe it below. That was how I realized that the Master had a profound understanding of the ancient\u2019s intent. When the Master served as Secretariat, the north and the south were divided and the nation had not been unified. The logistics of dispatching the armies and transporting military provisions left him no spare moment any day. But just because Marquis Liu was an able administrator, he managed to put aside his official duties to compose a poem to establish his reputation, through which he eagerly spread his exhortation to the world. His intent, therefore, could measure up to Administrator Jifu\u2019s, and his poem would go down history together with \u201cGrandly Lofty,\u201d \u201cThe Multitudes of the People,\u201d and the likes. If this poem could indeed be passed on, Marquis Liu\u2019s name will also be perpetuated like those of Shen Bo and Zhong Shanfu. Seeing this, how could people of later times not exhort good deeds even harder? The Master\u2019s name is Chucai, zi Jinqing, last name Yelü. A descendant of the Khitan imperial family, he came to serve the great Yuan. His distinguished accomplishments, as well as his literary refinement and powerful calligraphy, have been permanently recorded in dynastic histories, so I will not enumerate them here. In the ninth year of the Zhizheng reign era, on the fifteenth of the intercalary [seventh] lunar month in the jichou year [August 29, 1349], Dai Liang from Pujiang [in Zhejiang] respectfully inscribed. [seals]: Xunzhi Zhai, Dongyang, Dai Liang zhi yin, Shuneng\u4e88\u8b80\u5d27\u9ad8\u70dd\u6c11\u8af8\u8a69\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u77e5\u53e4\u4e4b\u79c9\u570b\u921e\u8005\uff0c\u672a\u5617\u4e0d\u5047\u8a69\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e16\u52f8\u4e5f\u3002\u84cb\u5c39\u5409\u752b\u4e4b\u4f50\u5468\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7533\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6cbb\uff0c\u8b1d\u4ef2\u5c71\u752b\u4e4b\u5f82\u9f4a\uff0c\u70ba\u4f5c\u6b64\u4e8c\u8a69\u4ee5\u9001\u4e4b\u3002\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u8912\u7f8e\u4e4b\u8005\u81f3\u77e3\uff1b\u975e\u76f4\u8912\u7f8e\u4e4b\u4e5f\uff0c\u84cb\u5c07\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e16\u52f8\u7109\u723e\u3002\u6545\u7576\u662f\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u7686\u4ee5\u5584\u81ea\u53b2\uff0c\u5352\u81f4\u8ce2\u624d\u8f29\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u80fd\u4e0d\u589c\u3002\u5ba3\u738b\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6709\u4e2d\u8208\u4e4b\u76db\u8de1\uff0c\u5176\u6545\u5c82\u4e0d\u7531\u4e8c\u8a69\u6709\u4ee5\u52f8\u5176\u70ba\u5584\u4e4b\u5fc3\u54c9\u3002\u7136\u5247\u8036\u5f8b\u516c\u4e4b\u9001\u5289\u4faf\u4e5f\uff0c\u5eb6\u5e7e\u6709\u5f97\u65bc\u6b64\u4e4e\uff1f\u8036\u5f8b\u516c\u5c45\u4e2d\u66f8\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u5289\u4faf\u8005\uff0c\u65b9\u51fa\u6cbb\u967d\u9580\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7d22\u8a69\uff0c\u70ba\u4f5c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7ae0\u56db\u53e5\u4ee5\u907a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e14\u984c\u5176\u672b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e88\u4e4b\u8912\u7f8e\u65bc\u4faf\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8cde\u5176\u80fd\u6cbb\u4e5f\u3002\u8cde\u5176\u80fd\u6cbb\u4e5f\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e16\u52f8\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u5176\u5f8c\u5289\u4faf\u65e2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c07\u5e25\u5e2b\uff0c\u8e76\u91d1\u7834\u6c74\uff0c\u70ba\u6642\u540d\u81e3\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u7d71\u81f3\u5143\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u9577\u6750\u61cb\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c64\u898b\u800c\u758a\u51fa\u3002\u8a69\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e16\u52f8\u8005\u53c8\u4f55\u5982\u54c9\uff1f\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u5289\u4faf\u4e4b\u66fe\u5b6b\u4e4b\u4f50\u4f86\u8cb3\u543e\u9091\uff0c\u56e0\u51fa\u516c\u662f\u8a69\u4ee5\u76f8\u793a\uff0c\u8acb\u5fd7\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u4e88\u65bc\u662f\u77e5\u516c\u6df1\u5f97\u53e4\u4eba\u4e4b\u907a\u610f\u77e3\u3002\u84cb\u516c\u4e4b\u5728\u4e2d\u66f8\u4e5f\uff0c\u7576\u592b\u5357\u5317\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5340\u5b87\u672a\u6df7\u4e00\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u6208\u7532\u4e4b\u71df\u8abf\uff0c\u82bb\u9909\u4e4b\u8f49\u8f38\uff0c\u9867\u65b9\u65e5\u4e0d\u6687\u7d66\uff0c\u800c\u516c\u4e43\u529b\u6392\u6240\u52d9\uff0c\u7368\u4ee5\u5289\u4faf\u80fd\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5f62\u8af8\u8ce6\u8a60\uff0c\u6a39\u4e4b\u98a8\u8072\u6c72\u6c72\u7109\uff0c\u6b32\u85c9\u662f\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e16\u52f8\u4e4b\u8cc7\u3002\u5247\u516c\u4e4b\u662f\u5fc3\u4e5f\uff0c\u867d\u8cea\u4e4b\u5c39\u5409\u752b\u53ef\u4e5f\uff1b\u5176\u6240\u70ba\u8a69\uff0c\u53c8\u5b89\u5f97\u4e0d\u8207\u5d27\u9ad8\u70dd\u6c11\u8af8\u7bc7\u4e26\u50b3\u65bc\u4e16\u54c9\u3002\u8aa0\u4f7f\u662f\u8a69\u4e4b\u6709\u50b3\uff0c\u5247\u5289\u4faf\u4e4b\u540d\u4ea6\u5c07\u8207\u7533\u4f2f\u3001\u4ef2\u5c71\u752b\u540c\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\u77e3\u3002\u5f8c\u4e4b\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u76ca\u52f8\u65bc\u70ba\u5584\u4e4e\uff1f\u516c\u540d\u695a\u6750\uff0c\u5b57\u6649\u537f\uff0c\u8036\u5f8b\u5176\u6c0f\u4e5f\u3002\u4ee5\u5951\u4e39\u4e16\u80c4\uff0c\u5165\u4ed5\u7687\u5143\u3002\u5176\u9ad8\u52f3\u76db\u70c8\uff0c\u8207\u592b\u8fad\u7ae0\u4e4b\u7f8e\u9e97\u3001\u5b57\u756b\u4e4b\u9052\u52b2\uff0c\u56fa\u5df2\u9298\u4e4b\u592a\u5e38\uff0c\u66f8\u4e4b\u592a\u53f2\uff0c\u8332\u4e0d\u8457\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u4e5d\u5e74\u5176\u6b72\u5df1\u4e11\u958f\u6708\u671b\u65e5\u6d66\u6c5f\u6234\u826f\u8b39\u984c\u3002 [\u5370]\u905c\u5fd7\u9f4b\uff0c\u6771\u967d\uff0c\u6234\u826f\u4e4b\u5370\uff0c\u53d4\u80fd 4. Li Shizhuo\u674e\u4e16\u502c (1673\u20131744), 3 columns in small standard script (undated):[Dai] Liang, zi Shuneng, whose biography is included in the section of men of letters in the History of the Ming Dynasty (Ming shi, wenyuan zhuan), was erudite in the classics, history and various philosophical schools, in addition to medicine, divination, Buddhism, and Daoism. Upon someone\u2019s recommendation, Emperor Shundi (r. 1333\u20131367) of the Yuan dynasty conferred him the position of Supervisor of Confucian Schools in the Provinces of Jiangnan Region. When Emperor Taizu (r. 1368\u20131398) of the Ming took over Jinhua [in Zhejiang], he became his subject. Shizhuo\u826f\uff0c\u5b57\u53d4\u80fd\uff0c\u8f09\u660e\u6587\u82d1\u5217\u50b3\uff0c\u901a\u7d93\u53f2\u767e\u5bb6\uff0c\u66a8\u91ab\u535c\u91cb\u8001\u4e4b\u5b78\u3002\u5143\u9806\u5e1d\u7528\u85a6\u8005\u8a00\uff0c\u6388\u6c5f\u5357\u884c\u7701\u5112\u5b78\u63d0\u8209\u3002\u660e\u592a\u7956\u5b9a\u91d1\u83ef\uff0c\u9042\u6b78\u4e4b\u3002\u4e16\u502c 5. Zheng Tao \u912d\u6fe4 (1315\u2013ca. 1380), 7 columns in semi-cursive script (dated January 18-February 15, 1352): Every word in the writings of the ancients is intended to instruct the world; none is uttered casually. The farewell poem for Liu of Yangmen, had it been composed by someone other than Master Yelü, would have been nothing but sad expressions over parting. Only the Master admired Liu\u2019s administrative ability. Furthermore, his statement that abusive officials and greedy functionaries feel dread is as compelling as the autumnal frost and the scorching sun, which inspires fear and awe. Even those who want to see it may not have a chance, let alone to handle it in person. The mere refinement of his calligraphy is not enough to measure his achievement. In spring, the first lunar month of the renchen year in the Zhizheng reign era [January 18-February 15, 1352] Zheng Tao from Yimen [in Jiangxi] respectfully inscribed.\u53e4\u4eba\u8ff0\u4f5c\u4e00\u8a00\u4e00\u5b57\u7686\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u8f15\u767c\u4e5f\u3002\u8036\u5f8b\u516c\u4e4b\u9001\u5289\u967d\u9580\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6dd2\u6dbc\u96e2\u5225\u4e4b\u8fad\u8033\u3002\u516c\u7368\u8cde\u5176\u80fd\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u66b4\u5b98\u8caa\u540f\u77e5\u61fc\u4e4b\u8a00\uff0c\u51dc\u7136\u5982\u79cb\u971c\u70c8\u65e5\uff0c\u53ef\u754f\u53ef\u4ef0\uff0c\u4eba\u6b32\u898b\u4e4b\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\uff0c\u77e7\u72ce\u73a9\u4e4b\u8036\u3002\u5340\u5340\u5b57\u756b\u4e4b\u5de5\uff0c\u84cb\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ad6\u516c\u4e5f\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u58ec\u8fb0\u6625\u6b63\u6708\u7fa9\u9580\u912d\u6fe4\u656c\u984c\u3002 6. Gong Su \u9f94\u749b (1266\u20131331), 9 columns in semi-cursive script (dated February 17, 1321):This poem by Secretariat Yelü was not composed just for Marquis Liu of Yangmen in recognition of his preserving territorial integrity and people\u2019s lives under his charge. At the time the nation was in chaos, and he hoped that everyone would become someone like Yuan Jie (719-772).[6] Therefore viewing it now, one can imagine how people of those days were never unconcerned with benevolent intention and administration when they composed poetry and practiced calligraphy. On the twentieth of the first lunar month in the first year of the Zhezhi reign era [February 17, 1321] Gong Su from Gaoyou [in Jiangsu] respectfully viewed this. [seals]: Guyang Shufang, Gong shi Zijing\u4e2d\u66f8\u8036\u5f8b\u516c\u6b64\u8a69\uff0c\u975e\u7279\u70ba\u967d\u9580\u5289\u4faf\u4fdd\u5883\u5168\u6c11\u800c\u4f5c\u4e5f\u3002\u84cb\u6642\u65b9\u6df7\u4e00\uff0c\u6b32\u5929\u4e0b\u7686\u5143\u7d50\u8f29\u8033\u3002\u6545\u81f3\u4eca\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u60f3\u898b\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u7269\u7121\u5f80\u800c\u975e\u4ec1\u5fc3\u4ec1\u653f\uff0c\u800c\u541f\u8a69\u5beb\u5b57\u4e91\u4e4e\u54c9\u3002\u81f3\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u5eff\u65e5\u9ad8\u90f5\u9f94\u749b\u62dc\u89c0\u3002 [\u5370]\u8c37\u967d\u66f8\u623f\uff0c\u9f94\u6c0f\u5b50\u656c 7. Li Shizhuo \u674e\u4e16\u502c (1673\u20131744), 6 columns in semi-cursive script and 2 columns in small standard script (dated July 11, 1743):Yelü Wenzheng\u2019s [Yelü Chucai\u2019s] life has been recorded in history. His extant autographs are only this one or two, unlike Songxue [Zhao Mengfu, 1254-1322] and the likes whose names are perpetuated through brush and ink. The poetic colophons attached to the end of the scroll were all written by famous people of their times one after another. There used to be Liu Jing\u2019an\u2019s seals. Unfortunately they were cut away with only four left. Jing\u2019an must be Marquis Liu\u2019s great-grandson, which the remarks in the colophons indicate. One must not treasure this like a painting or a calligraphic piece. It elevates people\u2019s morale and straightens the way of the world, which is a momentous contribution. Ziya, Shizhuo [seal]: Shizhuo zhi yin Gong Su, zi Zijing, was a poet of the Yuan period, whose biography is included in the Yuan History (Yuan shi). The Educational Official Lin Qingjiang [Lin Lingxu, 1678\u20131743] has gathered information about his life and written it down. On the twentieth of the fifth lunar month in the eighth year of the Qianlong reign era [July 11, 1743]\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u51fa\u8655\u5df2\u6a19\u9752\u53f2\uff0c\u624b\u8e5f\u4e4b\u5728\u4eba\u9593\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u975e\u82e5\u677e\u96ea\u8f29\u7b2c\u4ee5\u7b46\u58a8\u50b3\u8033\u3002\u5377\u5c3e\u8a69\u8dcb\u7686\u4e00\u6642\u540d\u6d41\u9010\u6578\u3002\u6709\u5289\u6c0f\u975c\u5b89\u9210\u5370\uff0c\u5948\u70ba\u4eba\u5272\u53bb\uff0c\u50c5\u5b58\u56db\u9996\u3002\u975c\u5b89\u8005\u77e5\u5fc5\u5289\u4faf\u4e4b\u66fe\u5b6b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8dcb\u5167\u8a9e\u53ef\u9a10\u4e5f\u3002\u5bf6\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u66f8\u756b\u89c0\uff0c\u5176\u52f5\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u6b63\u4e16\u9053\uff0c\u529f\u83ab\u5927\u7109\u3002\u5b50\u96c5\u6c0f\u4e16\u502c [\u5370]\u4e16\u5353\u4e4b\u5370 \u9f94\u9a4c\uff0c\u5b57\u5b50\u656c\uff0c\u70ba\u5143\u8a69\u4eba\uff0c\u8f09\u5165\u5143\u53f2\u3002\u5b78\u4f7f\u6797\u6674\u6c5f\u5df2\u8003\u5176\u51fa\u8655\uff0c\u7b46\u8af8\u5f8c\u77e3\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5eff\u65e5\u3002 8 .Yuan Lizhun \u8881\u52f5\u6e96 (1875\u20131936), 16 columns in standard script (dated 1934):The greatness of Prince Yelü Wenzheng\u2019s [Yelü Chucai\u2019s] career as prime minister was only second to that of Zhuge Wuhou [Zhuge Liang, 181\u2013234]. His calligraphy is profound and vigorous with the awesome spirit of Mount Tai. Never in any connoisseur\u2019s catalogue [of artworks] has Wenzheng ever been mentioned. This is indeed the only specimen of his in our nation\u2019s calligraphic masterworks. Having lasted for seven hundred years, it appears as compelling as a living creature. In terms of the loftiness of his calligraphy, it is as if he were writing in the styles of Yan Lugong [Yan Zhenqing, 709\u2013785], Su Wenzhong [Su Shi, 1037\u20131101], and Huang Wenjie [Huang Tingjian, 1045\u20131105] simultaneously. I once saw Luo Liangfeng\u2019s [Luo Pin\u2019s, 1733\u20131799] copy of a portrait of the Prince by a Yuan painter. The figure, in a tall hat and an ornate official robe with his beard almost three feet long, has the bearing of a founding member of a dynasty. It had over a dozen colophons written by famous people of the Qianlong (1736\u20131796) and Jiaqing (1796\u20131820) reign eras. This scroll only has a quatrain, but his encouragement to Liu of Yangmen is serious and thoughtful. His final statement, \u201cWouldn\u2019t abusive officials and wily functionaries feel ashamed,\u201d really shows how deeply he cared for the people. This poem is not recorded in [Yelü\u2019s] Anthology of the Limpid-minded Man (Zhanran Jushi ji), so it is particularly precious. When my dead friend Master Wang Zhongque, Guowei (1877\u20131927), was compiling the Prince\u2019s chronology, he used this scroll as a source material. Otherwise it has never been mentioned anywhere. I once went outside the gate of the Yihe Yuan palace compound to pay homage to the Prince\u2019s portrait and his tomb. Lost in thought every now and then, I couldn\u2019t bear to leave. In the early autumn of the jiaxu year [1934] Yuan Lizhun respectfully inscribed. [seals]: Yuan Lizhun yin, bawei shu\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u738b\u76f8\u696d\u4e4b\u76db\uff0c\u70ba\u8af8\u845b\u6b66\u4faf\u5f8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u66f8\u6cd5\u958e\u6df1\u5065\u7afa\uff0c\u6709\u6cf0\u5c71\u5dd6\u5dd6\u6c23\u8c61\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u5bb6\u8457\u9304\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u898b\u6587\u6b63\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u8aa0\u6211\u570b\u540d\u66f8\u4e2d\u5b64\u672c\u4e5f\u3002\u5782\u4e03\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u51dc\u51dc\u5982\u751f\u3002\u81f3\u66f8\u683c\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u76f4\u5408\u984f\u9c81\u516c\u3001\u8607\u6587\u5fe0\u3001\u9ec3\u6587\u7bc0\u70ba\u4e00\u624b\u3002\u4f59\u5617\u898b\u7f85\u5169\u5cf0\u6479\u5143\u4eba\u756b\u738b\u5c0f\u8c61\uff0c\u5ce9\u51a0\u886e\u670d\uff0c\u9b1a\u9577\u5e7e\u53ca\u4e09\u5c3a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u958b\u570b\u898f\u6a21\u3002\u6709\u4e7e\u3001\u5609\u540d\u4eba\u984c\u8dcb\u5341\u9918\u6bb5\u3002\u6b64\u5377\u7947\u4e03\u7d55\u4e00\u9996\uff0c\u800c\u52c9\u5289\u967d\u9580\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8a9e\u91cd\u5fc3\u9577\u3002\u672b\u4f5c\u66b4\u5b98\u733e\u540f\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u6127\u54c9\u4e8c\u8a9e\uff0c\u5c24\u898b\u738b\u611b\u6c11\u4e4b\u6df1\u4e5f\u3002\u6b64\u8a69\u70ba\u300a\u6e5b\u7136\u5c45\u58eb\u96c6\u300b\u6240\u4e0d\u8f09\uff0c\u5c24\u70ba\u53ef\u8cb4\u3002\u4ea1\u53cb\u738b\u5fe0\u6164\u516c\u570b\u7dad\u4f5c\u738b\u5e74\u8b5c\uff0c\u66fe\u5047\u6b64\u5377\u70ba\u8a18\u8f09\u4e4b\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8655\u5247\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u4e00\u5b57\u4e5f\u3002\u4f59\u5617\u81f3\u9824\u548c\u5712\u5bab\u9580\u5916\uff0c\u62dc\u738b\u907a\u8c61\uff0c\u8b01\u738b\u907a\u51a2\uff0c\u8f12\u5f7d\u5f8a\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u4e5f\u3002\u7532\u620c\u65b0\u79cb\u8881\u52f5\u6e96\u656c\u984c\u3002 [\u5370]\u8881\u52f5\u6e96\u5370\uff0c\u8dcb\u5c3e\u66f8 9. Deng Bangshu \u9127\u90a6\u8ff0 (1868\u20131939), 12 columns in semi-cursive script (dated 1936):Prince Yelü Wenzheng [Yelü Chucai] topped all other accomplished ministers of the Yuan dynasty. His Anthology of the Limpid-minded Man, included in the Siku [Siku quanshu, Encyclopedic collection of four literary categories, completed in 1781], is also the top choice of Yuan literature. Although the poem in this scroll is not included in his anthology, his sincerity in examining officials and caring for the people is revealed between the lines. Even viewed six hundred years later, it inspires awe and respect. That\u2019s how deeply moving it is. The Yuan rule over China did not last a hundred years. Inheriting the declining Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234), it managed to unify the whole realm. I sometimes think, wasn\u2019t it owing to the distinguished services of its sagacious administrators that it was able to establish national stability and receive people\u2019s support? Modern scholars tend to insist on ethnic discrimination, but the emotional response that \u201cHe who cares for me is my ruler and he who brutalizes me is my enemy\u201d will not change through eternity. Didn\u2019t Huang Chao (d. 884) and Li Zicheng (1606\u20131645) appear a Han ethnic in every respect? But weren\u2019t the catastrophes caused by them even more gruesome than the one caused by the Yuan barbarians? His remark \u201cWouldn\u2019t abusive officials and wily functionaries feel ashamed\u201d is obviously the words of a compassionate man. Song Jinglian\u2019s [Song Lian\u2019s] colophon was written prior to the Ming period. Dai Shuliang [Dai Liang] and Gong Zijing [Gong Su] were renowned scholars of the Yuan dynasty, whose anthologies are both in my family\u2019s collection. Only the name of Zheng of Yimen [Zheng Tao] was somewhat obscure. Mr. [Zhou] Xiangyun (b. 1878) acquired this treasure and gave me a treat for my eyes. I therefore wrote this seriously. Deng Bangshu in the seventh lunar month of the bingzi year [1936] [seals]: Deng Bangshu yin, Zheng\u2019an Xueren, Feidun Xuan\u8036\u5f8b\u6587\u6b63\u738b\u70ba\u6709\u5143\u52f3\u4f50\u4e4b\u9996\uff0c\u300a\u6e5b\u7136\u5c45\u58eb\u96c6\u300b\u56db\u5eab\u8457\u9304\uff0c\u4ea6\u70ba\u5143\u4eba\u9996\u9078\u3002\u6b64\u5377\u3001\u6b64\u8a69\u96d6\u672a\u6536\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5176\u5bdf\u540f\u611b\u6c11\u4e4b\u5207\uff0c\u6d41\u9732\u696e\u58a8\u9593\u3002\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7336\u751f\u4eba\u666f\u4ef0\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u77e5\u5176\u611f\u4eba\u8005\u6df1\u77e3\u3002\u5617\u601d\u5143\u4e3b\u4e2d\u590f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u627f\u91d1\u4e4b\u655d\uff0c\u9042\u80fd\u6df7\u4e00\u5340\u5b87\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e16\u6709\u8ce2\u8f14\u4efb\u529f\uff0c\u4f7f\u80fd\u65b9\u5f97\u5960\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5b89\uff0c\u53d7\u6c11\u4eba\u4e4b\u9644\u3002\u8fd1\u4e16\u5b78\u8005\u9817\u6301\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e4b\u898b\uff0c\u592b\u8f14\uff1a\u64ab\u6211\u5247\u540e\uff0c\u8650\u6211\u5247\u4ec7\uff0c\u6b64\u4e99\u53e4\u4e0d\u6613\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u5f7c\u9ec3\u5de2\u3001\u674e\u95d6\uff0c\u8c48\u4e0d\u513c\u7136\u6f22\u65cf\uff1f\u800c\u5176\u6d41\u6bd2\u4e4b\u6158\uff0c\u4e0d\u66f4\u751a\u65bc\u80e1\u5143\u54c9\uff1f\u66b4\u5b98\u733e\u540f\u8c48\u4e0d\u5abf\u54c9\u4e8c\u8a9e\uff0c\u4ec1\u4eba\u4e4b\u8a00\u662d\u7136\u82e5\u63ed\u5df2\u3002\u5b8b\u666f\u6fc2\u4e00\u8dcb\uff0c\u672a\u5165\u660e\u6642\u6240\u66f8\u3002\u6234\u53d4\u826f\u3001\u9f94\u5b50\u656c\u5247\u5143\u4ee3\u540d\u5bbf\uff0c\u4f59\u5bb6\u7686\u85cf\u5176\u6587\u96c6\u3002\u7368\u912d\u7fa9\u9580\u5176\u540d\u7a0d\u6666\u8033\u3002\u6e58\u96f2\u5148\u751f\u5f97\u6b64\u74cc\u5bf6\uff0c\u98fd\u6211\u773c\u798f\uff0c\u56e0\u912d\u91cd\u66f8\u4e4b\u3002\u4e19\u5b50\u4e03\u6708\u9127\u90a6\u8ff0\u3002 [\u5370]\uff1a\u9127\u90a6\u8ff0\u5370\uff0c\u6b63\u95c7\u5b78\u4eba\uff0c\u98db\u906f\u8ed2Collectors' seals 1. Jin Cheng \u91d1\u57ce (1878\u20131926)Wuxing Jin Cheng jianding Song Yuan zhenji zhi yin \u5433\u8208\u91d1\u57ce\u9451\u5b9a\u5b8b\u5143\u771f\u8e5f\u4e4b\u5370 2. Feng Gongdu \u99ae\u516c\u5ea6 (1867\u20131948)Gongdu shending mingji \u516c\u5ea6\u5be9\u5b9a\u540d\u8e5fFeng Gongdu jia zhencang \u99ae\u516c\u5ea6\u5bb6\u73cd\u85cf3. Zhou Xiangyun \u5468\u6e58\u96f2 (b. 1878)Xiangyun miwan \u6e58\u96f2\u79d8\u73a9Gujin Zhou shi Baomi Shi miji yin \u53e4\u5807\u5468\u6c0f\u5bf3\u7c73\u5ba4\u79d8\u7b08\u5370Xiangyun xinshang \u6e58\u96f2\u5fc3\u8cdeXue\u2019an mingxin zhi pin \u96ea\u76e6\u9298\u5fc3\u4e4b\u54c1Cengjing Xue\u2019an shoucang \u66fe\u7d93\u96ea\u76e6\u6536\u85cf 4. Baoxi \u5bf6\u7199 (1871\u2013after 1940)Baoxi changshou \u5bf6\u7199\u9577\u58fdChen An pingsheng zhenshang \u6c88\u76e6\u5e73\u751f\u771f\u8cde 5. Yuan Lizhun \u8881\u52f5\u6e96 (1875\u20131936)Konggaohan Zhai zhenmi \u6050\u9ad8\u5bd2\u9f4b\u73cd\u79d8 6. John M. Crawford, Jr. (1913\u20131988)Hanguang Ge \u6f22\u5149\u95a3Gu Luofu \u9867\u6d1b\u961cHanguang Ge zhu Gu Luofu jiangcang Zhongguo gudai shuhua zhi zhang \u6f22\u5149\u95a3\u4e3b\u9867\u6d1b\u961c\u92fb\u85cf\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u66f8\u756b\u4e4b\u7ae0 7. Unidentified Xiao Zhai (3 times) \u5c0f\u9f4bJingyuan Tang tushu \u656c\u539f\u5802\u5716\u66f8Liu shi Jing\u2019an (5 times) \u5289\u6c0f\u975c\u5b89[1] Yunzhong is Tang name for present-day Datong, Shanxi Province; under the Liao and Jin the city was known as Datong and served as the Western capital. Xuande is the Liao name for a district just west of Datong.[2] Translation after Wen C. Fong, Beyond Representation: Chinese Painting and Calligraphy 8th\u201314th Century. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992, p. 416. Mount Tai, in Shandong Province, has been revered since pre-Han times as the sacred mountain of the east. [3] Translations by Shi-yee Liu. The colophons were reordered in a subsequent remounting. For a fuller discussion of these colophons, see Laurence Sickman et al., Chinese Calligraphy and Painting in the Collection of John M. Crawford, Jr., exhibition catalogue. The Pierpont Morgan Library, Sickman 1962, pp. 93\u201394; Kwan S. Wong and Stephen Addiss. Masterpieces of Song and Yuan Dynasty Calligraphy from the John C. Crawford Jr. Collection. Exhibition catalogue. New York: China Institute in America, 1981, pp. 58\u201359; and Yang Renkai, \u201cMasterpieces by Three Calligraphers: Huang T'ing-chien, Yeh-lü Ch'u-ts'ai and Chao Meng-fu.\u201d In Words and Images: Chinese Poetry, Calligraphy, and Painting. Alfreda Murck and Wen C. Fong, eds. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991, pp. 34\u201335. [4] Song Lian\u2019s colophon is not dated. Kwan S. Wong suggests that it may be written when Liu Man was in Pujiang [Jinhua] between 1349 and 1351. See Kwan S. Wong, Masterpieces of Sung and Yuan Dynasty Calligraphy from the John M. Crawford Jr. Collection (New York, China Institute in America, Inc. 1981), p. 59.[5] The two poems are from The Book of Poetry (Shi jing). The translations of the titles here follow those in James Legge, The Chinese Classics, vol. IV, The She King (Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc., 1991), pp. 535, 541.[6] Yuan Jie was an exemplary official and great poet of the Tang dynasty. He once wrote a poem entitled \u201cTo Officials upon the Bandits\u2019 Retreat, with Preface (Zei tui shi guanli bing xu),\u201d in which he admonishes officials not to tax people heavily.

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