\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f
Ad
TAGS
Download or edit the free picture \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f for GIMP online editor. It is an image that is valid for other graphic or photo editors in OffiDocs such as Inkscape online and OpenOffice Draw online or LibreOffice online by OffiDocs.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f
\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 : \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0648
\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c
\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a
\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646
\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f.
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u060c
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637
\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642
\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644.
\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644
\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u061f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627
\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631
\u0645\u0646 250 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a
\u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.
\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c
\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627:
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637
\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631
\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621.
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c
\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631
\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.
\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644
\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648
\u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.
\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a:
\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642
\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649
\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627
\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0649
\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u061f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647
\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 ..\u0623\u0644\u062e) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646
\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u060c
\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u060c \u063a\u062c\u0631\u0649) \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631 (\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a
(Gabriel 1998).
\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629
\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629
\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u061b
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d\u061b
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c
\u0648\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (Law 2002, 2009)
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621
\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627
\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 ( 1996
Cummerbatch et al ) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0649 6% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0649\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c.
\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d
\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0628 (1997a,
1997b, Philo 1999) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1996 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u201c\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627
\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a
\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a
\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c
\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a
\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627
\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c
\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d). \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.
\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f Mimetic
accuracy
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629:
\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629
\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b
\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u201d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629:
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a
\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633 (244:1997) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637
\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u201d. (Daniels 1990) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u201d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627
\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c
\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649
\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642
\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0640:
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c
\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b
\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u061b
\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627)\u061b
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a(UN 2006: 3).
\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 53% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u201d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u201d
\u0648 42% \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646
\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u201c\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u2026\u2026. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u201d. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627
\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a..\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621
\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0649\u061f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627
\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d. (\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 www.mediamatters.org ).
\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a.
\u0648\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644
Campbell 1995). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c
\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
(Rojeck & Entman, 2004) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627
\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u201c\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a.
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0631
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629
\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621
\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639
\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646
\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0648\u0646\u201d \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0649\u201d
(Cllj 1994). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f ). (Aldrich
1999).
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0633\u064a
\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629
\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 ((Meyers 1997. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c
\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629
\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636(Meyers
1997:66). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u201d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Johan and
sears 1971, Pease 1989, Campbell 1995).
\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649
\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c
\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629
\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627 .(Meyers 1997: 119-20)
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d (Hall 1981). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644
\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a.
\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1992 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u201d (Lule
1997). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645
\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 6 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647
\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 Desiree Washington \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644
\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a (1997) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 9 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 ( \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1991- \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1992) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d (Lule 1997:382).
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644
\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u061b
\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.
\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645
\u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Greg Philo
& L. Beati, 1999 :181) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a
\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643.
\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0645\u201d (Miller 1997:27).
\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u201d (24 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c 2000). \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 (\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a
\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d
\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0646 Pat Buchanan \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645
2000.
\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 (6 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000:37) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645
2000 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d.
\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u201d \u0645\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629
\u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 Cohn \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u201cNew Republic\u201d
(13 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000) \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0627\u064b \u201d \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0623\u0630\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649
\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f.
\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a Entman & Rojecki (2005) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0644
\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f \u0623\u0645
\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u062f \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061f
\u0641\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Entman & Rojecki, 2000: 252) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644
\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639
\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627
\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647
\u201c\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d.
\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629
(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1990 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u064a 1994. \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u061f \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.
\u0641\u0641\u064a 5 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645
2000\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 WGN \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627
\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631
\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u201d.
\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631) \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0649
\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d.
\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629
\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f.
\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645
\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621
\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0641\u064a 6 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631
2000\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u201d\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0649 John
lee \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u201d \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628\u2026 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a ..\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0630\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.\u201d
\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629.
\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627
\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627
\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u064a\u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646
\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0634 Merril Lynch\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0633\u0643
\u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d. (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 Rizalene
Zabala ).
\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a (Entman & Rojecki, 2000) \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a Ellis Cose \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 ( 18 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631
2000) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636.
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a
\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u201d \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646
\u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a (Simpson, Entman and Rojecki 2000) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628\u201d \u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647
\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636.
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643
\u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a 18 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644:
\u201d \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0640 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a\u201d.
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u201c\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629
\u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2000\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636
\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647
\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0632 Jennifer
Lopez \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a
\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 Ricky Martin\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u201c\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627
\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643
(\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000) \u201c\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u201d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c
\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0648/
\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f.
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u201c\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637
\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u201d. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u061f
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0639\u201d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 Chicanos) \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627
\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632 Perez\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0644\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642
\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u201d.
\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629
\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000.
\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 12 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629
\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 26 %. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645
1978 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 4 % \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646
\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627
\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2025 \u0643\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c
\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 15 % \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640
7 % \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 20 % \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 163 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631
\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627
\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (FRA 2002). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u201c\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646
\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a).
\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631(\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a)
\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627
\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c
\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a
\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629\u060c
\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648
\u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639
\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 ( FRA 2002:36).
\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629
\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629
\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f.
\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627.
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646
\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 \u201d \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u201d (Law 2002)
\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631
1996 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1997) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636
\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0640
\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636
\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647
\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a
\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631.
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 Stephen
Lawrence \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628
\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f Mansfield \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1999 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993-1994 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.
\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648:
\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629
\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646
\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a
\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0628\u0631\u062c (Gordon
and Rosenberg 1989).
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2006\u060c
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0631 Ian
Blair\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ( Law
2002) \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639
\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645
\u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u201d (The
Guardian 27 Jan 2006 ). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f
\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2006) \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631
\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a
\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646
\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.
\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629
\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631
\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645..\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u201c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c
\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f
\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646
\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d (Craske
2000). \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062d\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a
\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201d \u0623\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u201c\u0635\u0646 Sun
\u201d \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 (BBC News, 11
March 2005). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633
\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 BBC \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649
\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0630\u064a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a 41 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a
\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008).
\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f
\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a
\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.
Free picture \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f integrated with the OffiDocs web apps