Apple FORTRAN Language Reference Manual
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Apple II
Apple FORTRAN
Language Reference Manual
Apple Computer Inc, 1980
Silicon Valley Software Inc, 1980
1. Overview
Introduction
Using this Manual
What is Apple FORTRAN
Apple vs ANSI 77 Subset FORTRAN
ANSI 77 vs Full Language
ANSII 77 vs ANSI 66
2. FORTRAN Reader's Guide
Getting oriented
Guide to Pascal documentation
The COMMAND level
The Filer
The Editor
6502 Assembler
The linker
Utility programs
3. Programs in pieces
Introduction
Partial compilation
Source code in pieces
Object code in pieces
Units, segments and libraries
4. The Compiler
Introduction
Files needed
Using the compiler
Form of input programs
Lower and upper case
Line length and positioning
Compiler directives
Compiler listing
5. The Linker
Introduction
Diskfiles needed
Using the linker
6. Program structure
Introduction
Character set
Lines
Columns
Blanks
Comment lines
Statements, labels and lines
Statement ordering
The END statement
7. Data Types
Introduction
The integer type
The real type
The logical type
The character type
8. FORTRAN Statements
Introduction
FORTRAN names
Scope of FORTRAN names
Undeclared names
Specification statements
IMPLICIT statement
DIMENSION statement
Type Statement
COMMON statement
EXTERNAL statement
INTRINSIC statement
SAVE statement
EQUIVALENCE statement
DATA statements
Assignment Statements
Computational assignment statement
Label assignment statement
9. Expressions
Introduction
Arithmetic expressions
Integer division
Type conversions and result types
Character expressions
Relational expressions
Logical expressions
Operator precedence
10. Control Statements
Introduction
Unconditional GOTO
Computed GOTO
Assigned GOTO
Arithmetic IF
Logical IF
Block IF THEN ELSE
Block IF
ELSEIF
ELSE
ENDIF
DO
CONTINUE
STOP
PAUSE
End
11. Input/Output Operations
I/O Overview
Records
Files
Formatted vs Unformatted files
Sequential vs Direct access
Internal files
Units
Choosing a file structure
I/O limitations
I/O statements
OPEN
CLOSE
READ
WRITE
BACKSPACE
ENDFILE
REWIND
Notes on I/O Operations
12. Formatted I/O
Introduction
Formatting I/O
Formatting and the I/O list
Nonrepeatable Edit Descriptors
Apostrophe Editing
H Hollerith editing
X Positional editing
/ Slash editing
$ Dollar sign editing
P Scale factor editing
BN/BZ Blank Interpretation
Repeatable Edit Descriptors
I Integer Editing
F Real Editing
E Real Editing
L Logical Editing
A Character Editing
13. Program Units
Introduction
Main programs
Subroutines
SUBROUTINE statement
CALL statement
Functions
External functions
Intrinsic functions
Table of intrinsic functions
Statement functions
The RETURN statement
Parameters
14. Compilation Units
Introduction
Units, Segments, Partial Compilation
Linking
$USES compiler directive
Separate compilation
FORTRAN overlays
15. Bi-Lingual Programs
Introduction
Pascal in FORTRAN Main Programs
FORTRAN in Pascal Main Programs
I/O from Bilingual programs
Calling machine code routines
16. Special Units
The turtle graphcis unit
The apple screen
The INITTU Subroutine
The GRAFMO subroutine
The TEXTMO subroutine
The VIEWPO subroutine
Subroutines for using color
Cartesian graphics
Turtle graphic subroutines
Turtle graphic functions
Sending an array to the screen
Text on the graphic screen
The Applesoft unit
RANDOM function/ RANDOI subroutine
Using the game controls
Making music: the NOTE subroutine
The KEYPRE function
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Part One: Single-Drive operation
Appendix A - Part Two: Multi-Drive operation
Appendix B: FORTRAN error meddages
Appendix C: Tables
Appendix D: FORTRAN Syntax diagrams
Appendix E: FORTRAN statement summary
Appendix F: ANSI Standard 66 vs 77 FORTRAN
Appendix G: Apple FORTRAN vs ANSI 77
Bibliography
Index
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