The True Nature of the Vacuum, Missing Mass, and Dark Energy
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Illustrations by Physicist and Artist Scott Matheson Hitchcock showing the nature of the vacuum sea of energy and predictions about black holes, gravity waves, missing matter and dark energy. The sum of the energies of the various states of the vacuum in a multi-vacuum universe [a.k.a. tri-vacuum] is equivalent to the energy of the observable and predicted missing mass and dark energy of the universe. The various states of the vacuum are defined and illustrated above.The beginnings of my theory about the nature of the vacuum are seen in these early notes from 2013:
These three components of the vacuum are the reservoirs of missing mass, dark energy, and the observable universe. All these add up to the total energy available for the evolution of the universe. In this way all of the mass and energy of the universe can be accounted for resulting in an explanatory paradigm effective for cosmological inquiries. If you are looking for the missing mass and energy locally, look no further than your body which is 99.9999999% \u201cempty space\u201d which is the vacuum.
CAPTONS FOR THE ABOVE FIGURES:
Figure 1 of 3: The many properties of the tri-vacuum [a.k.a. the multi-vacuum subject to possibly more states than the three illustrated above to account for quantum phenomena]. The photon is shown as a soliton surface effect of the surface of the tri-vacuum. The soliton nature of the photon is seen in astrophysical spectra whose nature does not change while traversing the vastness of the space [tri-vacuum] between source and detector.
Figure 2 of 3: The figure above illustrates states of energy of the vacuum that whose phases add up to the space between material objects. Missing mass, dark matter and cosmic expansion energy in the form of vacuum energy are components of the multi-vacuum.
Figure 3 of 3: The figure above illustrates how black holes function in the context of the tri-vacuum universe. Note that black holes are not tunnels to another part of the universe but dead ends in the vacuum. Wormholes do not exist in this model due to the quantum nature of the zero point of the vacuum [actual \u2018location\u2019 of the massive core] that is not normally accessible to an observer. Black holes are then topological anomalies in the sea of vacuum energy.
Conclusions: gravity is a surface tension feature of a complex vacuum that contains missing mass and dark energy. Gravity waves like photons are surface waves of the vacuum. Black holes are singularities [quantum perturbations with diameters on the order of the Planck length] of the vacuum sea caused by mass distorting the vacuum energy. This theory is fully testable. See the figures above for an outline of methods that can prove or disprove this.
NOTE: the sum of the energies of the various states of the vacuum in a multi-vacuum universe is equivalent to the energy of the observable and predicted missing mass of the universe.
In the multi-vacuum universe model of the universe first proposed by this author, the three phases of the vacuum act as a collectively as a composite structure that defines space in which all the missing mass and dark energy reside as well as many other quantum, macroscopic, and cosmic properties. One of the properties of the collective excitation vacuum state is that it defines space. We find that this nearly infinite sea of vacuum energy [>99 % of the mass of the universe as a whole] has a surface that separates and uniquely isolates observable distinct matter [such as us] as objects floating on the surface of the sea of vacuum energy. This surface of the vacuum energy act like a liquid and has a surface tension due to the energy-mass equivalency following from Einstein's equation: E= mc2.
For more about the complex nature of the vacuum and its surface as a vehicle for photons, gravity waves, and cosmological expansion see the captions for the illustrations above inside the following paper: The Surface Tension of the Universe
Since time is intimately connected to the nature of the vacuum [usually assumed to be the space in space-time models], it is useful to examine the following. Richard P. Feynman's 1949 paper "The Theory of Positrons" Phys. Rev. 76, 749 \u2013 Published 15 September 1949 [see Feynman's paper about positrons and time reversal...now shown to be false due to error in the assumptions about the nature of space-time and a lack of understanding about the true nature of time. For more details about the failure of Feynman's time-reversal hypothesis see the following paper: The Theory of Positrons* Revisited By Scott Matheson Hitchcock
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