Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \

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O tô s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf thnh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua xe hi\u1ec7n nay. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m giác tho\u1ea3i mái cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lái, tuy nhiên \u0111ôi khi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ny l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi dùng xe ph\u1ea3i \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111ây thuê xe du l\u1ecbch giá r\u1ebb t\u1ea1i \u0111 n\u1eb5ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t vi kinh nghi\u1ec7m giúp b\u1ea1n phát hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecfng hóc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v cách kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.
Nguyên nhân H\u1ed9p S\u1ed1 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ee5c Tr\u1eb7c
Vì các lá ly h\u1ee3p v dây \u0111ai kim lo\u1ea1i (trong h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) l các thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng thông qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c hay ma xát, chúng b\u1ecb mòn \u0111i theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 các lá côn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 tay. Các van trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng van c\u0169ng có th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n các thao tác \u0111óng m\u1edf. Khi lá côn b\u1ecb mi mòn, các m\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn trong d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ec3u dâng do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t tu\u1ea7n hon c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l k\u1ebb thù c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ny xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi xe v\u1eadn hnh liên t\u1ee5c trung tr\u1ea1ng thái d\u1eebng-\u0111\u1ec1 pa-d\u1eebng hay ch\u1edf quá t\u1ea3i hay leo d\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuyên. Khi d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 quá nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, nó tr\u1edf nên loãng h\u01a1n v do \u0111ó b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 các lá côn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 các thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng khác kém d\u1ea7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 mi mòn.
Ph\u1ee5 tùng chính c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9p S\u1ed1 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng Vô C\u1ea5p g\u1ed3m có:
+ Pulley s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (Drive)
+ Pulley th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (Driven)
+ Dây \u0111ai kim lo\u1ea1i
Nguyên lý ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a 2 má trên 2 pulley m\u1ed9t cách liên t\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ny \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t cách liên t\u1ee5c v biên \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Khi t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng thái \u0111\u1ee9ng yên, dây \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb trí sát v\u1edbi tâm c\u1ee7a pulley s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p cùng lúc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c ép lên 2 má c\u1ee7a pulley th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn chúng n\u1eb1m sát v\u1edbi nhau qua \u0111ó dây \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb trí xa tâm - rìa - c\u1ee7a pulley th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. \u1ede v\u1ecb trí s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p ny, chi\u1ebfc xe t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t cách m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v liên t\u1ee5c.
Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi di chuy\u1ec3n trên \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c ép lên 2 má c\u1ee7a pulley s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn chúng n\u1eb1m sát v\u1edbi nhau qua \u0111ó dây \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb trí xa tâm c\u1ee7a pulley s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u bên kia, dây \u0111ai l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n tâm c\u1ee7a pulley th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i liên t\u1ee5c tùy vo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn hnh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe theo mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lái xe.
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m:
- B\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn mô, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l \u201ctrái bí\u201d b\u1edfi hình dáng c\u1ee7a nó g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t trái bí
- H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 v ly h\u1ee3p
- H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c
- H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 (Transmission Control Unit \u2013 TCU)
Các hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong H\u1ed9p S\u1ed1 O Tô T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng:
- Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l nghe th\u1ea5y các âm thanh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng phát ra t\u1eeb h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1eebng xe hay \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf các s\u1ed1 khác nhau. Có th\u1ec3 l các âm thanh v\u1edbi âm t\u1ea7n cao hay các ti\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ebfn vo nhau.
- Ly h\u1ee3p \u0111ôi khi \u0111óng m\u1edf r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm hay th\u1eadm chí không nhúc nhích khi chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 D (ti\u1ebfn) sang s\u1ed1 R (lùi)
- Tua máy không gi\u1ea3m khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed1 D (ti\u1ebfn) sang s\u1ed1 R (lùi)
- Có hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh trong quá trình t\u0103ng s\u1ed1
- Ch\u1ec9 lên s\u1ed1 khi vòng tua l\u1edbn ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1ea5n chân ga nh\u1eb9 nhng
- Tua máy t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt m\u1ed7i khi chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1
- Khi leo d\u1ed1c, tua máy t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c xe không t\u0103ng
B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, Lái Xe O tô s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111úng cách
1. Thay d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i 15 ngn km trên c\u1ea3 các dòng xe Nh\u1eadt hay Châu Au. V\u1edbi dòng CVT, thay nh\u1edbt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf km th\u1ee9 40 ngn v sau \u0111ó thay \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u1edf m\u1ed7i 25 ngn km.
2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 có ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p khi có th\u1ec3 cho dù chi phí có th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p \u0111ôi so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhiên b\u1edfi d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tính c\u01a1, lý c\u1ee7a nó ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n êm ái h\u01a1n. Cho thuê xe 16 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111 n\u1eb5ng l\u01b0u ý b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng cho CVT \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 CVT.
3. Khi thay d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p sô, l\u01b0u ý rút c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7u c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi châm d\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.
4. Luôn luôn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 D (ti\u1ebfn) sang s\u1ed1 R (lùi) hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trong thao tác \u0111\u1eadu xe, nhi\u1ec1u bác ti có thói quen chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 khi xe ch\u01b0a d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n, xin nói r\u1eb1ng \u0111ó l cách h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 phá h\u1ecfng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a xe.
5. Khi d\u1eebng \u0111èn \u0111\u1ecf, hãy gi\u1eef c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u1edf \u201cD\u201d b\u1edfi các h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111óng m\u1edf th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u có tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nó. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cD\u201d sang \u201cN\u201d khi d\u1eebng v t\u1eeb \u201cN\u201d sang \u201cD\u201d khi cho xe ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp, ta \u0111ã lm gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng van, b\u1ed9 tua bin (trong b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn mô) v các lá côn. H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng không v\u1eadn hnh nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 tay do v\u1eady không h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201cN\u201d m\u1ed7i khi d\u1eebng \u0111èn \u0111\u1ecf. Tuy nhiên khi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i lâu, b\u1ea1n có th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201cN\u201d.
6. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn leo \u0111\u1ed3i liên t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd lm gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u01b0u ý d\u1eebng xe ngh\u1ec9 cho h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed9i b\u1edbt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c hnh trình l các b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.
Vì s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 vô c\u1ea5p \u0111ã lm cho chúng ngy cng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trên th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi giúp cho vi\u1ec7c lái xe ô tô ngy cng d\u1ec5 dng; \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xá \u0111ông \u0111úc \u1edf các \u0111ô th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 H N\u1ed9i.