\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0

태그

무료 사진 다운로드 또는 편집 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641 064\u0627a \u0644 김프 온라인 편집기의 경우 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064\u0629a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062\u0646b\u064\u0629a\uXNUMX입니다. Inkscape 온라인, OpenOffice Draw 온라인 또는 OffiDocs의 LibreOffice 온라인과 같은 OffiDocs의 다른 그래픽 또는 사진 편집기에 유효한 이미지입니다.

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\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 : \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0648

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0645
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https://geo-house.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A-210x300.jpg

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 (말세비치 2004).

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\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.

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\u201c\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Lemert 1995, 리드 2006). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a
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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1989 \u2013 2005). \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632
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2007). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648
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https://geo-house.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Anna_Julia_Cooper-1.jpg

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 안나 줄리아
쿠퍼

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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u2018\u2018 (쿠퍼 1892 142-3).

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252 - 3).

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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (리드 2006). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u201c\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642
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158).

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\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:

\ u201c\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a
\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0634\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d\u2018 (윌리엄스 1989:
207).

\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 교차

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1990-91\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
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\u0625\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062f 필로메나 1991년 작성\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629
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\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633 무르지와 솔로모스
2005\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.

\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a 인종차별화

\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 (파농 1967)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (마일즈 1989)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (밴턴 1977)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (골드버그 2002).

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0648\u201d\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627.
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\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631

\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631

\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645
\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627
\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (스톤 2003: 9).

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\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 인종 신비주의\u201d. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u201c\u0622\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (1904). \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646
\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u201c\u062f\u064a
\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u201d (웨버 1978: 398).

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\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f.

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\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a
\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. (웨버, 1978: 386).

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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u201d
\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u201c\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 스톤 2003\u201d \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 인종 정체성: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a) 민족성: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627
\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 민족: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 국적: \ u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627
\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u201c\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 스톤 2003\u2033 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a
\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0631 헥터
1975년\u2033 \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631 브루베이커 2002\u2033 \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a 바르트 1969\u201d. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a 집단주의\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (브루베이커 2002: 56). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635
\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 렉스 1980\u201d. \ u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647
\u201c\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629(스미스 1969년 퍼니발
1984;쿠퍼 및)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (밴턴 1967 렉스
1970)\ u060c
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 (만 2994a, 2004b). \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (웨버 1958) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627
\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a.

\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646
\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639.

\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648: \u0645\u0646
\u0647\u0645\u061f

\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0644 알비온 스몰\u201d \u0648\u201d \u0648. \u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 Wl Thomas\u201d (토마스
및 Zunaniek 1918, 1920). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u201c\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f 1939 조지 허버트 미드\u201d.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621
\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u201d
\u0648\u201d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0625 . \u0648
\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0633 버제스(Bark and Burgess 201). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0632 에버렛 C 휴즈\u201d
(1943-1984) \u0648\u201d\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0631 허버트 블루머(201)
2013년). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641
\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u201d.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1914 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1936.
\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Lal 2003). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638
\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
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\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Banton 1987).

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d
\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.

\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.. \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u2026\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f
\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (박 1950:
81).

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\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c
\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0633 (1921) \u0623\u0646
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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629
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\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (박 1950). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628.

\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 :
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 동화

\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646
\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.

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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f
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\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u062c\u0646\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f
\u201c\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (피어스 2005).

\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0649 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 (박 1926).

\u0648\u0628\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0644 하올레\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636) \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1778\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631
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\u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639
\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628).

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637
\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f
\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 13% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641
\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644
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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u201c\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0632 아담스 1937\u201d \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646
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마이랄 \u201c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (1944).
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HR 클레이튼 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d (1945)
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\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 (베일리 1975). \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (윌리엄스 1989).

\ u201c\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 렉스 \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 반톤\u201d

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 (젠킨스 2005, 윌리엄스 1989).

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\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 (젠킨스 2005: 203-4).

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 밴턴 1967: 68-76\u201d \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u201d
\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Banton 1983; 바로트
2006). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f
\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628
(\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f
\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u201c\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u201d (Banton 1996).

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627

\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (마일즈 1993) \ u0648(골드버그 1990) \ u0648(기욤 1980) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.

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